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Analytical protocols based on LC–MS, GC–MS and CE–MS for nontargeted metabolomics of biological tissues

    Shama Naz

    CEMBIO (Center for Metabolomics & Bioanalysis), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain

    ,
    Délia Chaves Moreira dos Santos

    CEMBIO (Center for Metabolomics & Bioanalysis), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain

    Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmacia Universidad Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil

    ,
    Antonia García

    CEMBIO (Center for Metabolomics & Bioanalysis), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain

    &
    Coral Barbas

    *Author for correspondence:

    E-mail Address: cbarbas@ceu.es

    CEMBIO (Center for Metabolomics & Bioanalysis), Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Campus Monteprincipe, Boadilla del Monte, 28668 Madrid, Spain

    Published Online:https://doi.org/10.4155/bio.14.119

    Invasive, site-specific metabolite information could be better obtained from tissues. Hence, highly sensitive mass spectrometry-based metabolomics coupled with separation techniques are increasingly in demand in clinical research for tissue metabolomics application. Applying these techniques to nontargeted tissue metabolomics provides identification of distinct metabolites. These findings could help us to understand alterations at the molecular level, which can also be applied in clinical practice as screening markers for early disease diagnosis. However, tissues as solid and heterogeneous samples pose an additional analytical challenge that should be considered in obtaining broad, reproducible and representative analytical profiles. This manuscript summarizes the state of the art in tissue (human and animal) treatment (quenching, homogenization and extraction) for nontargeted metabolomics with mass spectrometry.

    Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest; •• of considerable interest.

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