We use cookies to improve your experience. By continuing to browse this site, you accept our cookie policy.×

P2X7 antagonists for CNS indications: recent patent disclosures

    Paolo Pevarello

    *Author for correspondence:

    E-mail Address: paolo.pevarello.pp@axxam.com

    Axxam Discovery Research, Via Castellino, 111, 80100 Napoli, Italy

    ,
    Silvia Bovolenta

    Via Meucci, 3, 20091 Bresso (MI), Italy

    ,
    Paola Tarroni

    Via Meucci, 3, 20091 Bresso (MI), Italy

    ,
    Lorena Za

    Via Meucci, 3, 20091 Bresso (MI), Italy

    ,
    Elda Severi

    Axxam Discovery Research, Via Castellino, 111, 80100 Napoli, Italy

    ,
    Domenica Torino

    Axxam Discovery Research, Via Castellino, 111, 80100 Napoli, Italy

    &
    Rocco Vitalone

    Axxam Discovery Research, Via Castellino, 111, 80100 Napoli, Italy

    Published Online:https://doi.org/10.4155/ppa-2016-0044

    P2X7, a ligand-gated purinergic ion channel, has been at the center of intense efforts in the pharmaceutical industry in the last 15 years due to the growing appreciation of its role in inflammation. Since 2008–2009, increased focus on CNS available compounds has led to the publication of various patents on behalf of several pharmaceutical companies. This patent review aims at analyzing the recent patent literature (2008–2016) with a particular emphasis on those patents that are thought to deal with CNS penetrant compounds on the basis of their physicochemical features, the assays described in the patents and the uses these compounds are claimed for.

    Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest; •• of considerable interest

    References

    • 1 Volonte C, Apolloni S, D Skaper S, Burnstock G. P2X7 receptors: channels, pores and more. CNS Neurol. Disord. Drug Targets 11(6), 705–721 (2012).
    • 2 Weisman GA, Camden JA, Peterson TS et al. P2 receptors for extracellular nucleotides in the central nervous system: role of P2X7 and P2Y2 receptor interactions in neuroinflammation. Mol. Neurobiol. 46(1), 96–113 (2012).
    • 3 Alloisio S, Di Garbo A, Barbieri R et al. Evidence for two conductive pathways in P2X7 receptor: differences in modulation and selectivity. J. Neurochem. 113(3), 796–806 (2010).
    • 4 Wei L, Caseley E, Li D, Jiang LH. ATP-induced P2X receptor-dependent large pore formation: how much do we know? Front. Pharmacol. 7, 5 (2016).
    • 5 Lenertz LY, Gavala M, Zhu Y, Bertics PJ. Transcriptional control mechanisms associated with the nucleotide receptor P2X7, a critical regulator of immunologic, osteogenic, and neurologic functions. Immunol. Res. 50(1), 22–38 (2011).
    • 6 Burnstock G. Physiology and pathophysiology of purinergic neurotransmission. Physiol. Rev. 87(2), 659–797 (2007).
    • 7 Arulkumaran N, Unwin RJ, Tam FWK. A potential therapeutic role for P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) antagonists in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Expert Opin Invest Drugs 20(7), 897–915 (2011).
    • 8 Mesuret G, Engel T, Hessel EV et al. P2X7 receptor inhibition interrupts the progression of seizures in immature rats and reduces hippocampal damage. CNS Neurosci. Ther. 20(6), 556–564 (2014).
    • 9 Suzuki K, Sugihara G, Ouchi Y et al. Microglial activation in young adults with autism spectrum disorder. JAMA Psychiatry 70(1), 49–58 (2013).
    • 10 Guile SD, Alcaraz L, Birkinshaw TN et al. Antagonists of the P2X7 receptor. From lead identification to drug development. J. Med. Chem. 52(10), 3123–3141 (2009).
    • 11 Rech JC, Bhattacharya A, Letavi MA, Savall BM. The evolution of P2X7 antagonists with a focus on CNS indications. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 26(16), 3838–3845 (2016).
    • 12 Bhattacharya A, Biber K. The microglial ATP-gated ion channel P2X7 as a CNS drug target. Glia 64(10), 1772–1787 (2016). •• Thorough and stimulant discussion over many open questions in P2X7 drug discovery.
    • 13 Charlton SJ, Vauquelin G. Elusive equilibrium: the challenge of interpreting receptor pharmacology using calcium assays. Br. J. Pharmacol. 161, 1250–1265 (2010).
    • 14 Steinberg TH, Newman AS, Swanson JA, Silverstein SC et al. ATP4-permeabilizes the plasma membrane of mouse macrophages to fluorescent dyes. J. Biol. Chem. 262(18), 8884–8888 (1987).
    • 15 Axxam S.p.A.: WO2015119018 (2015).
    • 16 Janssen Pharmaceutica NV: US20140275056 (2014).
    • 17 GlaxoSmithKline (GSK): WO2009074518 (2009). • One of the first patents specifically directed at CNS compounds. In vivo characterization of preferred examples
    • 18 He Y, Hara H, Núñez G. Mechanism and regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Trends Biochem. Sci. 41(12), 1012–1021 (2016).
    • 19 Shao BZ, Xu ZQ, Han BZ et al. NLRP3 inflammasome and its inhibitors: a review. Front. Pharmacol. 6, 262 (2015).
    • 20 Chrovian CC, Rech JC, Bhattacharya A, Letavic MA. P2X7 antagonists as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of CNS disorders. Prog. Med. Chem. 53, 65–100 (2014). • Useful overview and discussion of the possible therapeutic indications of P2X7 antagonists.
    • 21 Affectis Pharmaceuticals AG: WO2012163456 (2012). • In vivo characterization of preferred examples
    • 22 GlaxoSmithKline (GSK): WO2009053459A1 (2009).
    • 23 GlaxoSmithKline (GSK): WO2009074519A1 (2009).
    • 24 GlaxoSmithKline (GSK): WO2009077559A1.
    • 25 GlaxoSmithKline (GSK): WO201012501A1.
    • 26 H. Lundbeck A/S: WO2009108551A2 (2009).
    • 27 H. Lundbeck A/S: WO2014057078A1 (2014).
    • 28 H. Lundbeck A/S: WO2014057080A2 (2013).
    • 29 Neurogen Corporation: WO2009023623A1 (2009).
    • 30 Harris III et al. US20120157494A1 (2012).
    • 31 Schering Corporation: WO2012040048A2 (2013).
    • 32 Roche Palo Alto LLC: US20100160373A1 (2010).
    • 33 Roche Palo Alto LLC: US20100160384A1 (2010).
    • 34 Roche Palo Alto LLC: US20100160387A1 (2010).
    • 35 Roche Palo Alto LLC: US20100160388A1 (2010).
    • 36 Roche Palo Alto LLC: US20100160389A1 (2010).
    • 37 Hoffmann-La Roche AG: WO2011012592A1 (2011).
    • 38 Hoffmann-La Roche AG.: WO2011033055A1 (2011).
    • 39 Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd: WO2012114268A1 (2014).
    • 40 Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd: WO2013014587A1 (2013).
    • 41 Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd: WO2013108227A1 (2013).
    • 42 Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd: WO2014091415A1 (2014).
    • 43 Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd: WO2014097140A1 (2014).
    • 44 Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd: WO2014115072A1 (2014).
    • 45 Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd: WO2014115078A1 (2016).
    • 46 Janssen Pharmaceutica NV: WO2009132000A1 (2009).
    • 47 Janssen Pharmaceutica NV: US20140275015A1 (2014).
    • 48 Janssen Pharmaceutica NV: US20140275096A1 (2014).
    • 49 Janssen Pharmaceutica NV: US20140275120A1 (2014).
    • 50 Janssen Pharmaceutica NV: WO2016039977A1 (2016).
    • 51 Janssen Pharmaceutica NV: WO2016039983A1 (2016). • A detailed pharmacological section of the patent is included to characterize new P2X7 antagonists
    • 52 Affectis Pharmaceuticals AG: WO2012110190A1 (2009).
    • 53 Affectis Pharmaceuticals AG: WO2012163792A1 (2012).
    • 54 Affectis Pharmaceuticals AG: US20130197046 (2014).
    • 55 Park JH, Kim YC. P2X7 receptor antagonists: a patent review (2010–2015). Exp. Opin. Ther. Pat. doi:10.1080/13543776.2017.1246538 (2016) (Epub ahead of print).