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Recent advances in microextraction procedures for determination of amphetamines in biological samples

    Soheila Chalavi

    Department of Analytical Chemistry & Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran

    ,
    Sakine Asadi

    Department of Analytical Chemistry & Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran

    ,
    Saeed Nojavan

    *Author for correspondence: Tel.: +98 21 29902686; Fax: +98 21 22431662;

    E-mail Address: s_nojavan@sbu.ac.ir

    Department of Analytical Chemistry & Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran

    &
    Ali Reza Fakhari

    Department of Analytical Chemistry & Pollutants, Shahid Beheshti University, GC, Evin, Tehran 1983969411, Iran

    Published Online:https://doi.org/10.4155/bio-2018-0207

    Amphetamine and its related derivatives have stimulant and hallucinogenic properties. Illegal use of these drugs is an increasing global problem resulting in significant public health and legal problems. Deaths have been reported after intake of these drugs due to overdose. It is important to determine the type and concentration of illicit drugs in biological samples. These compounds are found in complex matrices at low concentration levels. The microextraction techniques are dominant sample preparation procedure and they are widely accepted as the most labor-intensive part of the bioanalytical process. For this purpose, a survey of recent published advances in microextraction procedures for quantification of amphetamines in biological samples found in the different databases from 2008 to date will be conducted.

    Papers of special note have been highlighted as: •• of considerable interest

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