We use cookies to improve your experience. By continuing to browse this site, you accept our cookie policy.×
Research Article

Determination of levofloxacin by HPLC with fluorescence detection in human breast milk

    Sıdıka Ertürk Toker

    *Author for correspondence:

    E-mail Address: serturk@istanbul.edu.tr

    Department of Analytical Chemistry, Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul 34116, Turkey

    ,
    Gamze Ergin Kızılçay

    Department of Analytical Chemistry, Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul 34116, Turkey

    &
    Olcay Sagirli

    Department of Analytical Chemistry, Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul 34116, Turkey

    Published Online:https://doi.org/10.4155/bio-2021-0058

    Aim: A new HPLC method with fluorescence detection has been developed and validated for the determination of levofloxacin, one of the fluoroquinolone class antibiotics, in breast milk. Materials & methods: Chromatographic separation was carried out on a reversed phase C18 column with acetonitrile and 10 mM o-phosphoric acid (25:75, v/v) mobile phase composition. Moxifloxacin was used as internal standard and the peaks were detected by fluorescence detection. Results & conclusion: Calibration graph was found linearly within the range of 2.5–500 ng/ml. Limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.63 and 2.11 ng/ml, respectively. Mean absolute recovery was 96.18%. The developed method has been successfully applied to the determination of levofloxacin in human breast milk taken from two healthy volunteers.

    Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest

    References

    • 1. Wimer MS, Schoonver L, Garrison WM. Levofloxacin: a therapeutic review. Clin. Ther. 20(6), 1049–1070 (1998).
    • 2. Global Alliance for TB Drug Development. Levofloxacin. In: Handbook of Anti-Tuberculosis Agents. Tuberculosis 88(2), 119–121 (2008).
    • 3. Nahum GG, Uhl K, Kennedy DL. Antibiotic use in pregnancy and lactation- what is and is not known about teratogenic and toxic risks. Obstet. Gynecol. 107(5), 1120–1138 (2006). • Gives important data about most of antibiotics.
    • 4. Geerdes-Fenge HF, Wiedersich A, Wagner S, Lehr KH, Koeppe P, Lode H. Levofloxacin pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activities against five enterobacterial species. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44(12), 3478–3480 (2000).
    • 5. Davis R, Bryson HM. Levofloxacin. a review of ı-its antibacterial activity, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs 47(4), 677–700 (2012).
    • 6. Chaves RG, Lamounier JA. Breastfeeding and maternal medications. J. Pediatr. 80(5), 189–198 (2004).
    • 7. Chin KG, McPherson CE, Hoffman M, Kuchta A, Mactal-Haaf C. Use of anti-ınfective agents during lactation: part 2 – aminoglycosides, macrolides, quinolones, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, and metronidazole. J. Hum. Lact. 17(1), 54–65 (2001).
    • 8. Cahill JB, Bailey EM, Chien S, Johnson GM. Levofloxacin secretion in breast milk: a case report. Pharmacotherapy 25(1), 116–118 (2005). • Gives important data about levofloxacin.
    • 9. Wong FA, Juzwin SJ, Flor SC. Rapid stereospecific high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of levofloxacin in human plasma and urine. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 15(6), 765–771 (1997).
    • 10. Djabarouti S, Boselli E, Allaouchiche B et al. Determination of levofloxacin in plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage and bone tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection using a fully automated extraction method. J. Chromatogr. B 799(1), 165–172 (2004).
    • 11. Locatelli M, Ciavarella MT, Paolino D et al. Determination of ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin in human sputum collected from cystic fibrosis patients using microextraction by packed sorbent-high performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detector. J. Chromatogr. A 1419, 58–66 (2015).
    • 12. D'Angelo V, Tessari F, Bellagamba G et al. Microextraction by packed sorbent and HPLC–PDA quantification of multiple anti-inflammatory drugs and fluoroquinolones in human plasma and urine. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem. 31, 110–116 (2016).
    • 13. Böttcher S, Baum Hv, Hoppe-Tichy T, Benz C, Sonntag HG. An HPLC assay and a microbiological assay to determine levofloxacin in soft tissue, bone, bile and serum. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 25(2), 197–203 (2001).
    • 14. Cheng FC, Tsai TR, Chen YF, Hung LC, Tsai TH. Pharmacokinetic study of levofloxacin in rat blood and bile by microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A 961(1), 131–136 (2002).
    • 15. Liang H, Kays MB, Sowinski KM. Separation of levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, trovafloxacin and cinoxacin by high-performance liquid chromatography: application to levofloxacin determination in human plasma. J. Chromatogr. B 772, 53–63 (2002).
    • 16. Neckel U, Joukhadar C, Frossard M, Jäger W, Müller M, Mayer BX. Simultaneous determination of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in microdialysates and .plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal. Chim. Acta 463(2), 199–206 (2002).
    • 17. Nguyen HA, Grellet J, Ba BB, Quentin C, Saux MC. Simultaneous determination of levofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin in serum by liquid chromatography with column switching. J. Chromatogr. B 810, 77–83 (2004).
    • 18. Siewert S. Validation of a levofloxacin HPLC assay in plasma and dialysate for pharmacokinetic studies. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 41(4), 1360–1362 (2006).
    • 19. Sousaa J, Alves G, Campos G, Fortuna A, Falcão A. A First liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of levofloxacin, pazufloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin and trovafloxacin in human plasma. J. Chromatogr. B 930, 104–111 (2013).
    • 20. Ji HY, Jeong DW, Kim YH, Kim HH, Sohn DR, Lee HS. Hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of levofloxacin in human plasma. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 41(2), 622–627 (2006).
    • 21. Bao D, Truong TT, Renick PJ, Pulse ME, Weiss WJ. Simultaneous determination of rifampicin and levofloxacin concentrations in catheter segments from a mouse model of a device-related infection by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 46(4), 723–727 (2008).
    • 22. Fanga PF, Cai HL, Li HD et al. Simultaneous determination of isoniazid,rifampicin,levofloxacin in mouse tissues and plasma by high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B 878, 2286–2291 (2010).
    • 23. Watabe S, Yokoyama Y, Nakazawa K et al. Simultaneous measurement of pazufloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J. Chromatogr. B 878, 1555–1561 (2010).
    • 24. Szerkus O, Jacyna J, Gibas A et al. Robust HPLC–MS/MS method for levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin determination in human prostate tissue. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 132, 173–183 (2017).
    • 25. Xie HY, Wang ZR, Fu ZF. Highly sensitive trivalent copper chelate–luminol chemiluminescence system for capillary electrophoresis chirals eparation and determination of ofloxacin enantiomers in urine samples. J. Pharm. Anal. 4(6), 412–416 (2014).
    • 26. Gonzales JAO, Mochon MC, Rosa FJB. Spectrofluorimetric determination of levofloxacin in tablets, human urine and serum. Talanta 52(6), 1149–1156 (2000).
    • 27. Ocana JA, Callejon M, Barragan FJ. Terbium-sensitized luminescence determination of levofloxacin in tablets and human urine and serum. Analyst 125(10), 1851–1854 (2000).
    • 28. Nava-Júnior IS, Aucelio RQ. Sequential determination of norfloxaxin and levofloxacin in the presence of other fluorquinolones using synchronous scanning room-temperature phosphorimetry and Th (IV) as the selective signal inducer. Spectrochim. Acta A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 72(2), 429–435 (2009).
    • 29. Tang L, Tong Y, Zheng R et al. Ag nanoparticles and electrospun CeO2-Au composite nanofibersmodified glassy carbon electrode for determination of levofloxacin. Sens. Actuators. B Chem. 203, 95–101 (2014).
    • 30. International Conference on Harmonization. Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology Q2(R1) (2005). https://database.ich.org/sites/default/files/Q2_R1__Guideline.pdf
    • 31. Kepekci Tekkeli SE, Gazioglu I, Kızıltas MV. An HPLC method for the determination of moxifloxacin in breast milk by fluorimetric detection with precolumn derivatization. Acta Chromatogr. 29(1), 57–65 (2017).