Regulated bioanalysis of liposomal amphotericin B to support pharmacokinetic studies of liposomal drugs
Abstract
Background: Because of the delicate nature of liposomes, bioanalysis of free and liposomal-encapsulated drugs is among the most challenging assays to perform. Current regulatory guidance for bioanalysis is not sufficient to address the complexity of this particular formulation. Method & results: Three individual LC–MS/MS methods to quantify free amphotericin B (10–3000 ng/ml) and encapsulated amphotericin B (100–50,000 ng/ml) in pretreated human plasma and total amphotericin B (100–50,000 ng/ml) in human plasma were fully validated and applied to a bioequivalence study. The acceptance criteria and experimental design of additional validation tests using cross quality control were carefully deliberated a priori and included in the sample analysis as well. Discussion: Additional validation tests are necessary to demonstrate that the measured concentration of the intended component is accurate and free of interference from other coexisting components in the sample. These practices can be used as guidance for future liposomal drug method validation.
Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest; •• of considerable interest
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