Research Article

Dried blood spot testing: a novel approach for the therapeutic drug monitoring of ziprasidone-treated patients

Laboratory of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis; Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy

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Roberto Mandrioli

Department for Life Quality Studies (QuVi), Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Corso d’Augusto 237, 47921 Rimini, Italy

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Michele Protti

Laboratory of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis; Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy

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Andreas Conca

Mental Health Centre (C.S.M.), Local Health Authority of South Tyrol, Bolzano, Italy

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Lawrence J Albers

Mental Health Care, VA Long Beach Healthcare System, 5901 East 7th Street, Long Beach, CA 90822, USA

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Maria Augusta Raggi

Laboratory of Pharmaco-Toxicological Analysis; Department of Pharmacy & Biotechnology (FaBiT), Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126 Bologna, Italy

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Published Online:21 Jul 2014https://doi.org/10.4155/bio.14.3

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Abstract

Background: A novel analytical approach, based on dried blood spot (DBS) testing, has been developed, validated and applied for the first time to the analysis of ziprasidone (ZPR) for the therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of schizophrenic patients. DBS represent a more feasible but reliable matrix, alternative to blood and plasma. Methods: The assays were carried out using an HPLC method with native fluorescence. Blood drops were applied to DBS cards and dried by microwaves, an internal standard solution was added to the DBS and 5-mm punches were cut out for analysis. ZPR was extracted from DBS with methanol, giving good extraction yields, precision and selectivity results. Results: The method was applied with satisfactory results to DBS samples from psychiatric patients to determine ZPR levels for therapy optimization. Conclusion: This innovative methodology provides reliable and significant TDM information, with important advantages over classical blood sampling in terms of collection, storage and processing.

Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest; •• of considerable interest

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Published online 21 July 2014

Published in print June 2014

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Agilent Technologies Italy for kindly providing the BondElut cards for dried blood spot testing, punching tools and mats.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

Ethical conduct of research

The authors state that they have obtained appropriate institutional review board approval or have followed the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki for all human or animal experimental investigations. In addition, for investigations involving human subjects, informed consent has been obtained from the participants involved.

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