Design, synthesis and evaluation of belinostat analogs as histone deacetylase inhibitors
Abstract
Aim: Histone deacetylase (HDAC) is an attractive target for antitumor therapy. Therefore, the development of novel HDAC inhibitors is warranted. Materials & methods: A series of HDAC inhibitors based on N-hydroxycinnamamide fragment was designed as the clinically used belinostat analog using amide as the connecting unit. All target compounds were evaluated for their in vitro HDAC inhibitory activities and some selected compounds were tested for their antiproliferative activities. Conclusion: Among them, compound 7e showed an IC50 value of 11.5 nM in inhibiting the HDAC in a pan-HDAC assay, being the most active compound of the series.
Papers of special note have been highlighted as: • of interest; •• of considerable interest
References
- 1. . Cell-targeted cytotoxics: a new generation of cytotoxic agents for cancer treatment. Phytochem. Rev. 13(1), 171–181 (2014).
- 2. . Histone deacetylase inhibitors: from bench to clinic. J. Med. Chem. 51(6), 1505–1529 (2008).
- 3. . Histone deacetylase inhibitors in clinical studies as templates for new anticancer agents. Molecules 20(3), 3898–3941 (2015).
- 4. . Role of the histone deacetylase complex in acute promyelocytic leukemia. Nature 391(6669), 811–814 (1998).
- 5. . Histone acetylases and deacetylases in cell proliferation. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 9(1), 40–48 (1999).
- 6. . Dimethyl sulfoxide to vorinostat: development of this histone deacetylase inhibitor as an anticancer drug. Nat. Biotechnol. 25(1), 84–90 (2007).
- 7. . Romidepsin for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Future Oncol. 9(12), 1819–1827 (2013).
- 8. FDA approval: belinostat for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Clin. Cancer Res. 21(12), 2666–2670 (2015).
- 9. . Panobinostat: first global approval. Drugs 75(6), 695–704 (2015).
- 10. . Chidamide in the treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Onco Targets Ther. 10, 347–352 (2017).
- 11. . The Nobel chronicles. 1988: James Whyte Black, (b 1924), Gertrude Elion (1918-99), and George H Hitchings (1905-98). Lancet 355(9208), 1022 (2000).
- 12. . Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs). Structure–activity relationships: history and new QSAR perspectives. Med. Res. Rev. 32(1), 1–165 (2012). •• Important review on histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors and their structure–activity relationships.
- 13. A structural insight into hydroxamic acid based histone deacetylase inhibitors for the presence of anticancer activity. Curr. Med. Chem. 21(23), 2642–2664 (2014).
- 14. . Development of N-hydroxycinnamamide-based histone deacetylase inhibitors with an indole-containing cap group. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 4(2), 235–238 (2013).
- 15. . Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of nitro oxide donating N-hydroxycinnamamide derivatives as histone deacetylase inhibitors. Chem. Pharm. Bull. 62(12), 1185–1191 (2014).
- 16. Discovery of the first N-hydroxycinnamamide-based histone deacetylase 1/3 dual inhibitors with potent oral antitumor activity. J. Med. Chem. 57(8), 3324–3341 (2014). • Important paper on N-hydroxycinnamamide-based HDAC inhibitors.
- 17. . Development of N-hydroxycinnamamide-based HDAC inhibitors with improved HDAC inhibitory activity and in vitro antitumor activity. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 25(9), 2666–2675 (2017).
- 18. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of quinoline derivatives as HDAC class I inhibitors. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 133, 11–23 (2017).
- 19. Design, synthesis and anticancer potential of NSC-319745 hydroxamic acid derivatives as DNMT and HDAC inhibitors. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 134, 281–292 (2017).
- 20. . On the function of the 14 Å long internal cavity of histone deacetylase-like protein: implications for the design of histone deacetylase inhibitors. J. Med. Chem. 47(13), 3409–3417 (2004).
- 21. . The Cambridge Structural Database: a quarter of a million crystal structures and rising. Acta Cryst. B 58(3), 380–388 (2002).
- 22. . Small molecule conformational preferences derived from crystal structure data. A medicinal chemistry focused analysis. J. Chem. Inf. Model. 48(1), 1–24 (2008).
- 23. . Histone deacetylase inhibitors. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 40(1), 1–13 (2005). • Important review on HDAC inhibitors and future challenges.
- 24. . A robust first-pass protocol for the Heck-Mizoroki reaction. Org. Process Res. Dev. 17(3), 397–405 (2013).
- 25. Schrödinger Release 2017–1: Glide, Schrödinger, LLC, New York, NY, USA (2017). https://www.schrodinger.com/glide
- 26. OPLS3: a force field providing broad coverage of drug-like small molecules and proteins. J. Chem. Theory Comput. 12(1), 281–296 (2016).
- 27. Novel sulfonamide derivatives as inhibitors of histone deacetylase. Helv. Chim. Acta 88(7), 1630–1657 (2005).
- 28. . Simple and efficient synthesis of belinostat. Synth. Commun. 40(17), 2520–2524 (2010).
- 29. . A process for preparing belinostat cis-isomer. CN 105367455 A (2016). https://worldwide.espacenet.com/searchResults?DB=EPODOC&submitted=true&locale=en_EP&ST=singleline&compact=false&query=CN105367455
- 30. . Zn(II)-dependent histone deacetylase inhibitors: suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and trichostatin A. Int. J. Biochem. Cell B. 41(4), 736–739 (2009).
- 31. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor kinetic rate constants correlate with cellular histone acetylation but not transcription and cell viability. J. Biol. Chem. 288(37), 26926–26943 (2013).