Research Article

Functional characterization of HIC, a P2Y1 agonist, as a p53 stabilizer for prostate cancer cell death induction

Hien Thi Thu Le

Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine & Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland

BioMeditech & Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland

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Akshaya Murugesan

Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine & Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland

BioMeditech & Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland

Department of Biotechnology, Lady Doak College, Thallakulam, Madurai, 625002, India

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Nuno R Candeias

Faculty of Engineering & Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33101, Tampere, Finland

LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

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Olli Yli-Harja

Computational Systems Biology Group, Faculty of Medicine & Health Technology, Tampere University, PO Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland

Institute for Systems Biology, 1441N 34th Street, Seattle, WA 98103-8904, USA

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Meenakshisundaram Kandhavelu

*Author for correspondence:

E-mail Address: meenakshisundaram.kandhavelu@tuni.fi

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4986-055X

Molecular Signaling Lab, Faculty of Medicine & Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland

BioMeditech & Tays Cancer Center, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 553, 33101, Tampere, Finland

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Published Online:10 Sep 2021https://doi.org/10.4155/fmc-2021-0159

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Abstract

Background: (1-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl)(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl)indoline-4-carbonitrile (HIC), an agonist of the P2Y1 receptor (P2Y1R), induces cell death in prostate cancer cells. However, the molecular mechanism behind the inhibition of HIC in prostate cancer remains elusive. Methods & results: Here, to outline the inhibitory role of HIC on prostate cancer cells, PC-3 and DU145 cell lines were treated with the respective IC₅₀ concentrations, which reduced cell proliferation, adherence properties and spheroid formation. HIC was able to arrest the cell cycle at G1/S phase and also induced apoptosis and DNA damage, validated by gene expression profiling. HIC inhibited the prostate cancer cells’ migration and invasion, revealing its antimetastatic ability. P2Y1R-targeted HIC affects p53, MAPK and NF-κB protein expression, thereby improving the p53 stabilization essential for G1/S arrest and cell death. Conclusion: These findings provide an insight on the potential use of HIC, which remains the mainstay treatment for prostate cancer.

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Vol. 13, No. 21

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Received 27 May 2021

Accepted 20 August 2021

Published online 10 September 2021

Published in print November 2021

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Supplementary data

To view the supplementary data that accompany this paper please visit the journal website at: www.future-science.com/doi/suppl/10.4155/fmc-2021-0159

Acknowledgements

The authors thank A Musa, Tampere University for the technical support in gene expression analysis.

Financial & competing interests disclosure

H Le acknowledges TUT-RAE for the project grant support and Tamper University for Instrumental facility grant support. N Candeias acknowledges the Janne and Aatos Erkko Foundation, Academy of Finland (Decision 326487) and Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (CEE-CINST/2018) for financial support. The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.

No writing assistance was utilized in the production of this manuscript.

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